
‘Neijuan’ or ‘Involution’, What is it Really?
The underreported dark side of China’s economic growth by Aldo Spaanjaars China’s economic success story has a downside that until recently remained underreported. Under the banner of neijuan (内卷)– literally ‘involution’ – a paradoxical crisis is unfolding: despite enormous innovative power and capital, price wars and overcapacity are eroding profitability







